Media Year 10 Homework Date Due (Tuesday 30th December 2010)Read this article about 'Fan Sites' and answer the following questions:1. Create an information sheet explaining what a Fan Site is.2. Look at some examples of fansites, which three did you like and why?3. If you were going to create your own fansi
Media Year 10 HomeworkDate due 23/11/10Analyse ONE of the following websites looking for evidence of convergence (complete all notes on the worksheet provided)a) http://camstache.com/orb) http://myhome.clipsal.com/orc) http://www.mymagnum.com/
Mise En Shot
Media Glossaryte, what would it be about and why?
Media Year 10 HomeworkDate due 23/11/10Analyse ONE of the following websites looking for evidence of convergence (complete all notes on the worksheet provided)a) http://camstache.com/orb) http://myhome.clipsal.com/orc) http://www.mymagnum.com/
Mise En Shot
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Textual Analysis Terminology
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Textual Analysis Terminology
Textual Analysis: Some terms… not even NEARLY all of them!
Shots
Extreme Close up – Camera is a few inches from subject: for example, a shot of an eye
Close up - For example, a shot of a face
Mid shot (Middle long shot / Middle close shot) – Usually a shot of an individual from knees up
Long shot – For example, a shot of the outside of a building
Extreme long shot - A landscape shot
Zoom – Use lens to increase magnification on subject without moving camera.
Establisher – Shoot used to establish time or place. Usually an ELS but could be a shot of a newspaper, a watch, a landmark.
Reaction shot – A shot (often a close up of an individual or long shot of an audience) to show reaction to something said or done.
Crane shot – Camera is mounted on a crane. Often used to ‘swoop’ across an audience.
Dutch angle – Frame is twisted
High angle shot – Shooting from above the subject
Low angle shot – Shooting from below the subject
Two-shot – Two people in the same frame, e.g. two anchors on a sports show.
Pedestal shot – Move camera vertically up the subject.
Movements
Panning – Moving from side to side
Tracking – Camera is (traditionally) mounted on a track – camera usually moves back and forward.
Tilt – Camera stays stationary, tilts up and down
Composition
Mise en scene – The arrangement of objects in the frame (eg where things are positioned in a sports show set or on an advertisement.)
Leading lines – Lines created in the mise en scene to lead the eye to a certain point
Rule of thirds – Mise en scene is arranged according to a tripartite structure
Fill the frame – No clear space left at edge of frame.
Visual hierarchy – The arrangement of things from most to least important in the mise en scene.
Palette – The range of colours used.
Monochrome – The use of only one colour (black and white is one example)
Low key lighting – Main (‘key’) light is below – creates shadows. Often a single light source.
High Key lighting – Main (Key) light is above – minimises shadows. Multiple light sources.
Hard lighting – Harsh, bright lighting.
Soft lighting – Gentle lighting.
Ambient lighting – The actual, real, unedited light. ‘Natural’ light.
Over saturation – Palette is made brighter.
Under saturation – Palette is made duller.
Slow motion – Film is slowed to create slower-than-reality effect.
Set – The physical (or digital) environment in which the action takes place.
Talking head – Close up (usually) on a person (often an expert) talking directly to camera.
Sound
Diegetic sound – The sound which should logically be there in the diegesis (the ‘world’) of the text (e.g. applause in a sports award show.)
Non diegetic sound – Sound which would not logically be there in the diegesis (most music, voice overs.)
Sound bridge – The sound of the next clip starts while the current clip is playing; bridges the two.
Ambient sound – Natural sound.
Editing
Transition – Effect designed to merge one clip into another
SFX – Special effects – anything non-realistic designed to enhance action
Fast / slow cutting – Speed (the rhythm or ‘beat’) of the editing
MTV editing – Cutting action to rhythm of music.
Fade – End of clip disappears gradually
Cutaway – Edit away from one subject to another.
Graphics – (Usually) digital effects – lettering, scores – used to give additional information or enhance action.
Theory
Direct mode of address – Text ‘speaks’ to audience directly (e.g. the anchor on a sports show talks directly to the camera.)
Indirect mode of address – Information is given by other means e.g. we listen to a ‘conversation’ between an anchor and a interviewee.
Parallel Narratives – Use of the star’s (supposedly) real life to engage audience.
Narrative image – When a still image tells a story or suggests a narrative.
Imagined Communities – Creation of a supposed group with a shared interest (eg fans of a particular team, concerned mothers, ‘cool’ teenagers.)
Institutions
Institution Ident – An institution’s logo / introductory sequence
Slogan – Short phrase used to market or brand a subject or product.
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Film shots
Shots
Extreme Close up – Camera is a few inches from subject: for example, a shot of an eye
Close up - For example, a shot of a face
Mid shot (Middle long shot / Middle close shot) – Usually a shot of an individual from knees up
Long shot – For example, a shot of the outside of a building
Extreme long shot - A landscape shot
Zoom – Use lens to increase magnification on subject without moving camera.
Establisher – Shoot used to establish time or place. Usually an ELS but could be a shot of a newspaper, a watch, a landmark.
Reaction shot – A shot (often a close up of an individual or long shot of an audience) to show reaction to something said or done.
Crane shot – Camera is mounted on a crane. Often used to ‘swoop’ across an audience.
Dutch angle – Frame is twisted
High angle shot – Shooting from above the subject
Low angle shot – Shooting from below the subject
Two-shot – Two people in the same frame, e.g. two anchors on a sports show.
Pedestal shot – Move camera vertically up the subject.
Movements
Panning – Moving from side to side
Tracking – Camera is (traditionally) mounted on a track – camera usually moves back and forward.
Tilt – Camera stays stationary, tilts up and down
Composition
Mise en scene – The arrangement of objects in the frame (eg where things are positioned in a sports show set or on an advertisement.)
Leading lines – Lines created in the mise en scene to lead the eye to a certain point
Rule of thirds – Mise en scene is arranged according to a tripartite structure
Fill the frame – No clear space left at edge of frame.
Visual hierarchy – The arrangement of things from most to least important in the mise en scene.
Palette – The range of colours used.
Monochrome – The use of only one colour (black and white is one example)
Low key lighting – Main (‘key’) light is below – creates shadows. Often a single light source.
High Key lighting – Main (Key) light is above – minimises shadows. Multiple light sources.
Hard lighting – Harsh, bright lighting.
Soft lighting – Gentle lighting.
Ambient lighting – The actual, real, unedited light. ‘Natural’ light.
Over saturation – Palette is made brighter.
Under saturation – Palette is made duller.
Slow motion – Film is slowed to create slower-than-reality effect.
Set – The physical (or digital) environment in which the action takes place.
Talking head – Close up (usually) on a person (often an expert) talking directly to camera.
Sound
Diegetic sound – The sound which should logically be there in the diegesis (the ‘world’) of the text (e.g. applause in a sports award show.)
Non diegetic sound – Sound which would not logically be there in the diegesis (most music, voice overs.)
Sound bridge – The sound of the next clip starts while the current clip is playing; bridges the two.
Ambient sound – Natural sound.
Editing
Transition – Effect designed to merge one clip into another
SFX – Special effects – anything non-realistic designed to enhance action
Fast / slow cutting – Speed (the rhythm or ‘beat’) of the editing
MTV editing – Cutting action to rhythm of music.
Fade – End of clip disappears gradually
Cutaway – Edit away from one subject to another.
Graphics – (Usually) digital effects – lettering, scores – used to give additional information or enhance action.
Theory
Direct mode of address – Text ‘speaks’ to audience directly (e.g. the anchor on a sports show talks directly to the camera.)
Indirect mode of address – Information is given by other means e.g. we listen to a ‘conversation’ between an anchor and a interviewee.
Parallel Narratives – Use of the star’s (supposedly) real life to engage audience.
Narrative image – When a still image tells a story or suggests a narrative.
Imagined Communities – Creation of a supposed group with a shared interest (eg fans of a particular team, concerned mothers, ‘cool’ teenagers.)
Institutions
Institution Ident – An institution’s logo / introductory sequence
Slogan – Short phrase used to market or brand a subject or product.
_______________________________________________
Film shots
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GENRE BASICS
GENRE is a system of classification whereby media types (or literary types, or whatever) are organised into groups according to shared characteristics.
What genre does this film belong to?
How do you know?
BUSCOMBE'S THEORY is a useful starting point when discussing genre. It states that one genre is differentiated from anothe by the ICONS associated with it; that is, the physical objects or symbols which we can see on the screen (or in the poster, in this case.) He also identified four areas to look for these icons:
What genre does this film belong to?
Both of the films above tell the story of an intruder into a community (a town / spaceship) which kills some locals (cowboys / astronauts) but is then killed by the hero / heroine (the gunslinger / surviving astronaut.) Buscombe would suggest that, apart from the icons, they are very similar in terms of story, narrative and even style.
However, there are other things - CONVENTIONS, or factors which we tend to associate with certain genres - which differentiate them. We might expect certain things from a sci-fi film, for example; certain character types, certain events to occur, genders to be represented in particular ways, certain camera shots, locations, types of music to appear. A CONVENTIONAL text - which most texts, certainly those produced by and for the mainstream, are - will follow many of the conventions. An UNCONVENTIONAL text will break or subvert many of the rules.
Genre nowadays can appear somewhat old-fashioned, especially when compared to older texts such as those films produced during the studio system era in Hollywood. Many texts are HYBRIDS - that is, they borrow from several genres. Take Scream as an example - horror, slasher, teen movie or comedy?
What genre does this film belong to?
How do you know?
BUSCOMBE'S THEORY is a useful starting point when discussing genre. It states that one genre is differentiated from anothe by the ICONS associated with it; that is, the physical objects or symbols which we can see on the screen (or in the poster, in this case.) He also identified four areas to look for these icons:
- LOCATION
- APPEARANCE (CLOTHING, HAIR, TATTOOS...)
- TOOLS (GUNS, CARS, MACHINES, COMPUTERS...)
- MISCELLANEOUS (ANYTHING ELSE!)
What genre does this film belong to?
Both of the films above tell the story of an intruder into a community (a town / spaceship) which kills some locals (cowboys / astronauts) but is then killed by the hero / heroine (the gunslinger / surviving astronaut.) Buscombe would suggest that, apart from the icons, they are very similar in terms of story, narrative and even style.
However, there are other things - CONVENTIONS, or factors which we tend to associate with certain genres - which differentiate them. We might expect certain things from a sci-fi film, for example; certain character types, certain events to occur, genders to be represented in particular ways, certain camera shots, locations, types of music to appear. A CONVENTIONAL text - which most texts, certainly those produced by and for the mainstream, are - will follow many of the conventions. An UNCONVENTIONAL text will break or subvert many of the rules.
Genre nowadays can appear somewhat old-fashioned, especially when compared to older texts such as those films produced during the studio system era in Hollywood. Many texts are HYBRIDS - that is, they borrow from several genres. Take Scream as an example - horror, slasher, teen movie or comedy?